Diabetes is a lifelong disease caused by high sugar level in the blood. This happens because the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, or the body is not using it correctly .Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas. Its main function is to transport the glucose from the blood into the cells where it is used for energy. However if there isn't sufficient insulin the glucose builds up in the blood. 

There are two types of diabetes:

 1. Type I diabetes

The cause for this is still unknown but in most people it is an outcome of destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas by our own immune system. Type I diabetes often develops in children, with a positive family history of a sibling or parent with diabetes. Certain viral infections like mumps, rotavirus or coxsakie virus B and cold climate may precipitate this to.

2.Type-II diabetes

Where insulin is present but is not sufficient or is unable to work efficiently. The common risk factors for women are:

•    Overweight or obesity (BMI of 25 or above), 
•    Older age of 45 and above. After menopause women are at a greater risk of obesity and higher waist circumference ,increasing the risk of Diabetes
•    Family history-parent or sibling with diabetes
•    Ethnicity-Indians are at a greater risk of DM2 
•    Giving birth to a baby of 9 pounds or above
•    Presence of diabetes during pregnancy
•    High blood pressure with medication
•    Low HDL cholesterol and high triglycerides
•    Suffering from polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD)
•    History of heart disease or stroke  

High sugar levels have a detrimental effect on the blood vessels and nerves. Nerve damage can lead to pain or loss of sensation in the affected area. Blood vessel damage can lead to heart diseases, stroke, blindness, kidney failure, amputation, hearing loss, problems in conceiving and during pregnancy, and repeated urinary and vaginal infections.

Are you at a risk? 

India has the dubious distinction for being the diabetes capital of the world. Though we as a population are genetically prone to diabetes, rapid urbanization, poor diet and exercise, obesity are the main causes for this epidemic. Women are as prone to diabetes as men, but women are less likely to seek and follow medical advice and treatment for themselves. 

Prevention they say is better than cure: You just need to follow 3 simple rule to protect yourself against diabetes

1. Weight Management

The number one risk factor for the onset of diabetes is overweight. More fatty tissues in the body make it resistant to the action of insulin. Furthermore, the apple shaped body, where there is fat accumulation around the abdomen predisposing you to a higher risk of diabetes. Shed those extra kilos. In a study participants who lost about 7% of their weight improved their risk of not getting diabetes by 60%. Fad diets aren't the answer, you may lose some weight initially but will it stay off? Eat healthy and exercise regularly, the only way to maintain weight without compromising on your health.

Simple tricks to help you eat less are- 
•    A smaller bowl or plate
•    Use a tea spoon or child fork to eat smaller bites 
•    Eat slowly, chew your food well , it takes 20 minutes for your brain to register that the stomach is full
•    Do not eat in front of the TV
•    Drink a large glass of water 10 minutes before your meal
•    Fill your plate like this- 1/4th protein, 1/4th whole grain, ½ vegetable and fruit with some skimmed dairy

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